The bases of writing Appropriate English Curricula for Iraqi Students in Primary, Middle, and Secondary Schools
الكلمات المفتاحية:
curriculum (curricula), teaching-learning process(es), Standard English (SE), Arabic
الملخص
First of all, I’d like to say that wondering what is being learned first in a second language, definitely English, is the first question among many ones that teachers arise and ask. In other words, the priorities of choosing English content in the course of the teaching processes as well as the most suitable teaching ways are continuously under discussion and I think this regard needs lots of hypotheses and experiments. Preparing a curriculum for teaching English to Iraqi students includes various levels, stages, methods, modifications, and fields commensurate with students’ interests and passion for learning, which leads to the optimal result for achieving academic and educational goals alike and at the same time. In addition, preparing the best English curriculum for students by selecting the very suitable methods of teaching by teachers can result in an exemplary learning environment. This paper can be useful, not only in Iraq, but I think to all teachers and students who live in the Middle East. This paper is a serious and actual attempt of mentioning a number of criteria within the teaching-learning processes for the benefit of both teachers and students, concerning preparing the best curricula for teaching and learning English in primary, middle, and secondary schools.
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2. Aggarwal, JC (2009). Principles, Methods & Techniques Of Teaching. India: Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, India.
3. Blidi, S.(2017). Collaborative Learner Autonomy A Mode of Learner Autonomy Development. Singapore. Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. (Library of Congress Control Number: 2016946006).
4. Boyle, G J., Mathews, G., and Saklofske, D H. (2008). The Sage Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment. Vol 1 Personality Theories and Models. London/Great Britain. The Cromwell Press Ltd, Trowbridge, Wiltshire. (Library of Congress Control Number: 2007943494).
5. Crystal, D. (2008). 6th ed. A Dictionary of Linguistics & Phonetics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
6. Chomsky, N. (2002). 2nd ed. Syntactic Structures. Berlin-Germany. Mouton dc Gruyter (formerly Mouton, The Hague) is a Division of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG.
7. DeBernardes, A; Olsen, EG (1948). ") Audio-visual and community materials – some recent publications". Education Leadership: 256–266.
8. Delahunty, G.P. and Garvey, J.J. (2010). The English Language From Sound to Sense. Fort Collins, Colorado/U.S.A. The WAC Clearinghouse.
9. Dike, V. W. (1993). Library Resources in Education. Enugu: ABIC
Publisher.
10. Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The Psychology of the Language Learner Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. Britain/UK. Routledge Publishing.
11. Essberger, J. (2011). Speaking versus Writing (THE PEN IS MIGHTIER THAN THE Spoken WORD. OR IS IT?). English Club. https://www.englishclub.com/esl-articles/200108.php
12. Gao, Huan (2020). "Analysis of Fossilization Process of the Second Language Vocabulary from the Perspective of Memetics". Theory and Practice in Language Studies. 10 (10): 1326–1331.
13. Guvendir, E. and Hardacre, B (2018). Listening and Different Age Groups Wiley Online Library. DOI:10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320729674_Listening_and_Different_Age_Groups.
14. Hamilton, B. (2018). Integrating Technology in the Classroom: Tools to Meet the Need of Every Student by Hamilton. (2nd ed.). U.S.A /Published by: International Society for Technology in Education.
15. Hock, H.H. and Joseph, B. D. (2009), (2nd ed.). Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship. An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Berlin/Germany. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co.
16. Johnson, D. (2012). The Classroom Teacher's Technology Survival Guide (1st ed). U.S.A. Published by Jossey-Bass.
17. Journal of Applied and Advanced Research, (2018): 3(Suppl. 1) S33S35 https://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3S1.165. Phoenix Research Publishers.
18. Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practise in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press, Inc.
19. Kuzgun, Y., & Deryakulu, D. (Eds.). (2004). Egitimde bireysel farkliliklar [Individual differences in education]. Ankara: Nobel.
20. Mercer, S. 2008. Learner self-beliefs. ELT Journal 62(2).
21. Mishra, SK; Yadav, B (2004). "Audio-Visual Aids & The Secondary School Teaching". Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE. 15.
22. Murray, D.E. and Christison M.A. (2011). What English Language teachers Need To Know - Voume I. New York and London. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
23. Ode, Elijah Ojowu (2014). "Impact of audio-visual (AVs) Resource on teaching and Learning some selected private secondary schools in Makurdi". International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature.
24. Pavlenko, A., Blackledge, A., Piller, I., & Teutsch-Dwyer, M. (Eds.). (2001). Multilingualism, second language learning, and gender. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
25. Phillips, J A., (2008). HQOE 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF CURRICULUM, INSTRUCTION AND RESEARCH IN EDUCATION. Open University Malasia. Meteor Doc. Sdn. Bhd.
26. Pinar, WF. (2003). International Handbook of curriculum research: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
27. Sebhi S (2017). Difference Between Syllabus and Curriculum. https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-syllabus-and-curriculum.html May 18, 2017.
28. Read, C. & Ormerod, M. (2017). Tiger Time (Student’s Book). New York City. U.S.A. Macmillan Publisher Limited.
29. Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10, 209–231.
30. Sequeira, A.H. (2012). Introduction to Concepts of Teaching and Learning. SSRN Electronic Journal DOI:10.2139/ssrn.2150166. (Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2150166)
31. Simsek, A. (2012). Individual Differences. In: Seel, N.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_370
32. Suryantari, H. (2018). Children and Adults in Second-Language Learning. Tell Teaching of English Language and Literature Journal 6(1):30DOI:10.30651/tell.v6i1.2081. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334801340_Children_and_Adults_in_Second Language_Learning
33. Tanner, D., & Tanner, L. (1980). Curriculum development: Theory into practice. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
34. Thompson, B. (2017). Gender, Managementand Leadership in Initial Teacher Education. London-UK./ Palgrave Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
35. https://educarepk.com/the-definition-of-curriculum.html
36. Merriam Webster dictionary: https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play 12-2-2023
37. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisual_education
منشور
2023-09-08
كيفية الاقتباس
Asst. Prof. Ubaida Qutaiba Mohamadbahauldin. (2023). The bases of writing Appropriate English Curricula for Iraqi Students in Primary, Middle, and Secondary Schools. مجلة العصر للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماع, (10), 90-108. https://doi.org/10.33193/eJHAS.10.2023.273
إصدار
القسم
المقالات
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 Asst. Prof. Ubaida Qutaiba Mohamadbahauldin
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